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Work routes

Comparing work routes in Ireland, the UK, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain

Each country runs its own system. Instead of asking which is 'best', ask which one fits your profession and situation.

8 min read ยท Updated 2026-10-11

Ireland

English-speaking, with employment permits tied to occupation lists and employer support. Strong demand in technology, healthcare, finance and engineering. Check that your occupation is not on the ineligible list.

United Kingdom

The Skilled Worker route requires a licensed sponsor and an eligible occupation. Rules change regularly, including for care roles, so always check the current country guide.

Netherlands

Highly skilled migrant hiring runs mainly through recognised sponsors. Many international employers work in English, particularly in technology and research.

Portugal

There is no licensed-sponsor list. Official vacancy data and job-seeking routes matter more. Portuguese language skills help significantly in most sectors.

Spain

Evidence comes from official vacancy data and the hard-to-fill occupation catalogue. Spanish is usually essential outside international companies.

How to choose

Shortlist two countries where your occupation is eligible and employers in your field show international hiring evidence. Focus your applications there.

Frequently asked questions

Can I apply in several countries at once?

Yes, but tailor each application. Two focused markets usually outperform five scattered ones.

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